SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS
Keywords:
sexually transmitted infections, risk factors, unsafe sexAbstract
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute a heterogeneous group of communicable pathologies, whose common element is sharing the sexual route as the main transmission mechanism. They are a public health problem worldwide and in our country, that is why knowing their main risk factors plays a relevant role in understanding the problem and generating solutions. Objective: To identify the most important risk factors for acquiring a sexually transmitted infection. Methodology: Bibliographic search in databases Pubmed, SCIELO and government publications published between the years 2011 to 2021. The MeSH terms "Sexually transmitted infections", "Risk factor" and "unsafe sex" were used. Results: Among the most important risk factors are having sex without the use of a condom, multiple sexual partners and being younger. Others identified were HIV infection, some factors related to the route of transmission, bacterial vaginosis, low educational level, migration, alcohol consumption, travel, a history of child sexual abuse in men who have sex with men, among others. Discussion: The most important risk factors for the acquisition of STIs are the non-use of condoms, age at the time of sexual activity and multiple sexual partners, all of which are modifiable. This leaves the door open to propose different prevention measures that best encompass these factors.
References
Estrategia mundial del sector de la salud contra las Infecciones de transmisión sexual 2016–2021 [Internet]. who.int. 2016 [citado 10 enero 2021]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250253/WHO-RHR-16.09-spa.pdf?sequence=1
Global Aids Update 2019 [Internet]. unaids.org. 2019 [citado 10 enero 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/2019-global-AIDS-update_en.pdf
VIH/sida [Internet]. who.int. 2020 [citado 10 enero 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
Norma de Profilaxis, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) [Internet]. Minsal. 2016 [citado 10 enero 2021]. Disponible en: https://diprece.minsal.cl/wrdprss_minsal/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/NORMA-GRAL.-TECNICA-N°-187-DE-PROFILAXIS-DIAGNOSTICO-Y-TRATAMIENTO-DE-LAS-ITS.pdf
Hepatitis B [Internet]. who.int. 2020 [citado 10 enero 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) [Internet]. who.int. 2017 [citado 10 enero 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/hpv/es/
Preguntas frecuentes con relación al VIH y el sida [Internet]. unaids.org. 2021 [citado 10 enero 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.unaids.org/es/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids
Kabapy AF, Shatat HZ, El-Wahab A. Attributes of HIV infection over decades (1982–2018): A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 enero 2021];67(7):2372–2388. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13621
Díaz Romero Katiuska, Valdés Gómez María, Castro Morejón Leticia, Díaz Marrero Julio, Quiñones José Aurelio, Hernández Dieguez Esther. Caracterización sociodemográfica y conductual de hombres con infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Área de salud I. Municipio Cienfuegos. 2014. Medisur [Internet]. 2018 Abr [citado 2021 Ene 20] ; 16( 2 ): 289-300. <http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1727-897X2018000200012&lng=es&nrm=iso>. ISSN 1727-897X.
Falasinnu T, Gilbert M, Hottes TS, Gustafson P, Ogilvie G, Shoveller J. Predictors identifying those at increased risk for STDs: a theory-guided review of empirical literature and clinical guidelines. International journal of STD & AIDS. 2021;26(12):839–851. doi: 10.1177/0956462414555930. Epub 2014 Oct 16. PMID: 25324350.
Miranda Angélica Espinosa, Figueiredo Nínive Camilo, Pinto Valdir Monteiro, Page Kimberly, Talhari Sinésio. Risk factors for syphilis in young women attending a family health program in Vitória, Brazil. An. Bras. Dermatol. [Internet]. 2012 Feb [cited 2021 Jan 21] ; 87( 1 ): 76-83. OI: 10.1590/S0365-05962012000100009
Manca Maria-Francesca, Rochat-Stettler Laurence, Carod Jean-François, Agostini Camille, Jolivet Anne. High prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Western French Guiana. Braz J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 June [cited 2021 Jan 21] ; 24( 3 ): 256-260. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.04.014
Camacho-Gonzalez AF, Chernoff MC, Williams PL, Chahroudi A, Oleske JM, Traite S, Chakraborty R, Purswani MU, Abzug MJ. Sexually Transmitted Infections in Youth With Controlled and Uncontrolled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. 2017;6(3):e22–e29. DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piw039
Caballero Badillo María Claudia, Camargo Figuera Fabio Alberto, Castro Belsy Zurany. Prácticas inadecuadas del uso del condón y factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios. Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander. Salud [Internet]. 2011 Dec [cited 2021 Jan 20] ; 43( 3 ): 257-262. Available from <http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-08072011000300006&lng=en&nrm=iso
Gräf Débora Dalmas, Mesenburg Marilia Arndt, Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal. Risky sexual behavior and associated factors in undergraduate students in a city in Southern Brazil. Rev. Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 20] ; 54: 41. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001709.
Ángel-Müller Edith, Rodríguez Andrea, Núñez-Forero Lilian M, Moyano Luisa F, González Patricia, Osorio Elkin et al . Prevalencia y factores asociados a la infección Por C. trachomatis, N. gonorrheae, t. vaginalis, C. albicans, sífilis, VIH y vaginosis bacteriana en mujeres con síntomas de infección vaginal en tres sitios de atención de Bogotá, Colombia, 2010. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol [Internet]. 2012 Mar [cited 2021 Jan 20] ; 63(1): 14-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.199
Moosa Y, Kwon D, De Oliveira T, Wong EB. Determinants of Vaginal Microbiota Composition. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 enero 2021];10:457. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00467
Brotman R. M. Vaginal microbiome and sexually transmitted infections: an epidemiologic perspective. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011;121(12):4610–4617. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI57172
Avery AK, Zenilman JM. Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Travel: From Boudoir to Bordello. Microbiology spectrum. 2015;3(5). https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.IOL5-0011-2015
Rehm J, Shield KD, Joharchi N, Shuper PA. Alcohol consumption and the intention to engage in unprotected sex: systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies. Addiction. 2012;107(1):51–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03621.x
Lloyd S, Operario D. HIV risk among men who have sex with men who have experienced childhood sexual abuse: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education. 2012;24(3):228–241. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.3.228
Metusela C, Ussher J, Perz J, Hawkey A, Morrow M, Narchal R, Estoesta J, Monteiro M. In My Culture, We Don't Know Anything About That": Sexual and Reproductive Health of Migrant and Refugee Women. International journal of behavioral medicine. 2021;24(6):836–845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9662-3
Laganà, A. S., Gavagni, V., Musubao, J. V., & Pizzo, A. Awareness of sexually transmitted infection and protection methods among university students in Ireland. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2014;128(2):165–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-014-1073-8
Monsell E, McLuskey J. Factors influencing STI transmission in middle-aged heterosexual individuals. British Journal of nursing. 2016;25(12):80–676. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2016.25.12.676
Paul A Shuper, Narges Joharchi, Peter M Monti, Mona Loutfy, Jürgen Rehm Acute Alcohol Consumption Directly Increases HIV Transmission Risk: A Randomized Controlled Experiment. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2017;76(5):493–500. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001549
Vermund SH, Leigh-Brown AJ The HIV Epidemic: High-Income Countries. Cold Spring Harbor Perspective Medicine. 2012;2(5). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a007195
Yibing Feng, Kai Bu, Meng Li, Xiayan Zhang, Shanshan Jin, Lu Wang. Meta-analysis of HIV infection incidence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2015;37(7):752–800.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Paz Valenzuela, Simón Reyes, Magdalena Barriga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
